Architectural Graphic Standards

The American Institute of Architects (AIA) is America's largest and oldest professional society for architects. It has over 83,000 members. Its headquarters in Washington DC is governed by a Board of Directors that is nationally elected by its 300 state and local chapters. Founded in 1857, the AIA offers continuing education, conferences, and professional information to its membership and their clients. Dennis J. Hall, FAIA, FCSI (Charlotte, NC) FAIA, FCSI, is founder and managing principal of Hall Architects, Inc. and CEO of HALL | Building Information Group, LLC in Charlotte, NC. Hall is a forensic architect, author, and speaker. He has received numerous awards and has served on numerous boards, committees, and panels for various professional organizations including the Associated General Contractors, the American Institute of Architects, the Construction Specifications Institute, and the American Arbitration Association. He is a former national President of both the Construction Specifications Institute and Specification Consultants in Independent Practice and former Chancellor of the CSI College of Fellows.

A Note from the Publisher xiii A Note from the AIA xiv Architects' Tributes to Architectural Graphic Standards xv Introduction xviii Section 1: Design Principles & Construction Documentation 1 Chapter 1 Functional Planning 3 Human Factors 4 Universal and Accessible Design 19 Chapter 2 Environment 73 Environmental Factors 74 Solar Path and Solar Angle 79 Climate Zone 86 Thermal Comfort 90 Daylighting 92 Acoustics 95 Chapter 3 Building Resiliency 107 Overview 108 Components of Building Resilience 109 Hazard-Specific Building-Resilience Considerations 113 Maintainability 114 Safety 115 Security 122 Security Planning and Design: Continuing Education 127 Sustainability 128 Good Practices in Resilience-Based Architectural Designs 130 Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design 136 Lifecycle Considerations in Resilience-Based Designs 139 Chapter Appendices 140 Chapter 4 Architectural Construction Documentation 141 Drawings 142 Construction Specifications 146 Building Information Modeling (BIM) 151 Procurement Documents 160 Section 2: Materials 161 Chapter 5 Concrete 163 Concrete Forming and Accessories 164 Concrete Reinforcing 170 Typical Components Applicable to Concrete Work 175 Chapter 6 Masonry 181 Typical Components Applicable to Masonry Work 182 Glass Unit Masonry 185 Stone Assemblies 187 Masonry Mortaring and Grouting 191 Masonry Anchorage, Reinforcing, and Accessories 194 Installation Guidelines and Construction Tolerances 199 Chapter 7 Metals 209 Common Characteristics, Standards, and Practices 210 Typical Metal Products Incorporated into Applicable Work Results 216 Decorative Metal 224 Installation Guidelines and Construction Tolerances 228 Chapter 8 Wood, Plastics, and Composites 233 Common Characteristics, Standards, and Practices 234 Wood Classification 236 Wood Treatment 236 Typical Wood, Plastic, and Composite Products Incorporated into Applicable Work Results 240 Installation Guidelines and Construction Tolerances 252 Chapter 9 Glass 259 Common Characteristics, Standards, and Practices 260 Section 3: Building Elements 271 Chapter 10 Element A: Substructure 273 Soils and Soils Explorations 274 Foundations 283 Cast-in-Place Concrete Slab 298 Crawl Space Construction 303 Basement Construction 304 Chapter 11 Element B: Shell 313 Design Considerations 314 Sustainability and Energy 320 Floor Assemblies 322 Roof Assemblies 326 Superstructure 329 Exterior Vertical Enclosures 387 Exterior Horizontal Enclosures 468 Chapter 12 Element C: Interiors 527 Interior Construction 528 Chapter 13 Element D: Services 641 Conveying 642 Other Conveying Equipment 655 Plumbing 659 Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) 691 Design Considerations 691 Heating/Cooling Source Components 699 HVAC Distribution Arrangements and Components 711 HVAC Delivery Components 722 HVAC Control Systems 725 Fire Protection 732 Electrical 744 Communications 767 Chapter 14 Element E: Equipment and Furnishings 779 Equipment 780 Furnishings 836 Chapter 15 Element F: Special Construction 877 Design Considerations of Integrated Construction 878 Building Modules 878 Manufactured-Fabricated Rooms 881 Special Structures 890 Manufactured Engineered Structures 893 Special Function Construction 898 Special Facilities Components 908 Athletic and Recreation Special Construction 919 Chapter 16 Element G: Sitework 923 Site Earthwork 924 Runoff Control Systems 925 Water Management 930 Basement Excavation 931 Site Grading 936 Site Improvements 938 Parking Lots 942 Porous Pavements 946 Pedestrian Paving 950 Exterior Stairs